Bowel cancer (also called colorectal cancer) is the third most common cancer worldwide. It develops from the inner lining of the bowel and usually begins as small growths called polyps. Not all polyps become cancerous, but removing them early can prevent cancer from developing.
Bowel cancer often develops without any early symptoms, which is why screening is so important.
Bowel cancer screening can detect cancer at an early stage, when treatment is most effective. In many cases, screening can actually prevent cancer by finding and removing polyps before they become cancerous.
When detected early, bowel cancer has a survival rate of over 90%.
Average risk individuals should begin screening at age 45–50. Higher risk groups may need earlier and more frequent screening.
You may be at higher risk if you have
Your doctor will advise on the most appropriate screening schedule based on your individual risk factors.
Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a simple stool test that detects hidden blood. It is done at home and is recommended every 2 years for average risk individuals.
Colonoscopy is a direct examination of the entire colon and is considered the gold standard for bowel cancer screening. It allows detection and removal of polyps in the same procedure.
Your doctor will recommend the appropriate screening method based on your risk factors.
Most polyps are removed during the colonoscopy using specialised instruments. This is called a polypectomy and is usually painless.
The removed tissue is sent to a laboratory for analysis. Based on the type and size of polyps found, your doctor will recommend a surveillance schedule for future colonoscopies.
While some risk factors for bowel cancer cannot be changed, there are many lifestyle measures you can take to reduce your risk.
